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The exocrine portion of the pancreas contains? – Nursing School Essays

Question 1A 40-year-old female presents complaining of pain near the midline in the epigastrium. Assuming the pain is caused by a stimulus acting on an abdominal organ, the pain felt is classified as:a. Visceralb. Somaticc. Parietald. ReferredQuestion 2An 8-week-old male was recently diagnosed with cystic fibrosis. Which of the following digestive alterations would be expected?a. Insufficient bile productionb. Gastric atrophyc. Hypersecretion of stomach acidd. Nutrient malabsorptionQuestion 3In alcoholic cirrhosis, hepatocellular damage is caused by:a. acetaldehyde accumulation.b. bile toxicity.c. acidosis.d. fatty infiltrations.Question 4Where does the nurse expect the obstruction to be in a patient with extrahepatic portal hypertension?a. Sinusoidsb. Bile ductsc. Hepatic portal veind. Hepatic arteryQuestion 5Kwashiorkor is a severe dietary deficiency of:a. fat-soluble vitamins.b. carbohydrates.c. protein.d. calcium and magnesium.Question 6A 27-year-old male presents with fever, GI bleeding, hepatomegaly, and transient joint pain. He reports that as a child he received blood transfusions following a motor vehicle accident. He also indicates he was vaccinated against hepatitis B. Which of the following types of hepatitis does the clinician think he most likely has?a. Ab. Bc. Cd. DQuestion 7Prolonged diarrhea is more serious in children than adults because:a. children have lower adipose reserves.b. fluid reserves are lower in children.c. children have a lower metabolic rate.d. children are more resistant to antimicrobial therapy.Question 8A 40-year-old male develops an intestinal obstruction related to protrusion of the intestine through the inguinal ring. This condition is referred to as:a. Intussusceptionb. A volvulusc. A herniad. AdhesionsQuestion 9A 60-year-old male presents with GI bleeding and abdominal pain. He reports that he takes NSAIDs daily to prevent heart attack. Tests reveal that he has a peptic ulcer. The most likely cause of this disease is:a. Increasing subepithelial bicarbonate productionb. Accelerating the H+ (proton) pump in parietal cellsc. Inhibiting mucosal prostaglandin synthesisd. Stimulating a shunt of mucosal blood flowQuestion 10Acute pancreatitis often manifests with pain to which of the following regions?a. Right lower quadrantb. Right upper quadrantc. Epigastricd. SuprapubicQuestion 11A 60-year-old male is diagnosed with cancer of the esophagus. Which of the following factors most likely contributed to his disease?a. Reflux esophagitisb. Intestinal parasitesc. Ingestion of salty foodsd. Frequent use of antacidsQuestion 12The primary complication of enterocolitis associated with Hirschsprung disease is related to which finding?a. Fecal impactionb. Pancreatic insufficiencyc. Hyperactive peristalsisd. Ileal atresiaQuestion 13The most common cause of chronic vascular insufficiency among the elderly is:a. Anemiab. Aneurysmc. Lack of nutrition in gut lumend. AtherosclerosisQuestion 14The most common clinical manifestation of portal hypertension is _____ bleeding.a. rectalb. duodenalc. esophageald. intestinalQuestion 15A 54-year-old male is diagnosed with peptic ulcer disease.This condition is most likely caused by:a. Hereditary hormonal imbalances with high gastrin levelsb. Breaks in the mucosa and presence of corrosive secretionsc. Decreased vagal activity and vascular engorgementd. Gastric erosions related to high ammonia levels and bile refluxQuestion 16The cardinal sign of pyloric stenosis caused by ulceration or tumors is:a. Constipationb. Diarrheac. Vomitingd. HeartburnQuestion 17A 55-year-old male died in a motor vehicle accident. Autopsy revealed an enlarged liver caused by fatty infiltration, testicular atrophy, and mild jaundice secondary to cirrhosis. The most likely cause of his condition is:a. Bacterial infectionb. Viral infectionc. Alcoholismd. Drug overdoseQuestion 18Manifestations associated with hepatic encephalopathy from chronic liver disease are the result of:a. hyperbilirubinemia and jaundice.b. fluid and electrolyte imbalances.c. impaired ammonia metabolism.d. decreased cerebral blood flow.Question 19The most common disorder associated with upper GI bleeding is:a. diverticulosis.b. hemorrhoids.c. esophageal varices.d. cancer.Question 20A 3-month-old female develops colicky pain, abdominal distention, and diarrhea after drinking cow’s milk. The best explanation for her symptoms is:a. Deficiency of bile that stimulates digestive secretions and bowel motilityb. Excess of amylase, which increases the breakdown of starch and causes an osmotic diarrheac. Overgrowth of bacteria from undigested fat molecules, which leads to gas formation and de creased bowel motilityd. Excess of undigested lactose in her digestive tract, resulting in increased fluid movement into the digestive lumen and increased bowel motilityQuestion 21A 55-year-old female has general symptoms of gallstones but is also jaundiced. IV cholangiography would most likely reveal that the gallstones are obstructing the:a. Intrahepatic bile canaliculib. Gallbladderc. Cystic ductd. Common bile ductQuestion 22A 1-week-old female is brought to her pediatrician for abdominal distention and unstable temperature. Physical examination reveals bradycardia and apnea. Tests reveal hypoxic injury to the bowel resulting in bacterial invasion and perforation. This condition is referred to as:a. Infective enteropathyb. Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)c. Mucoviscidosisd. IleusQuestion 23For the patient experiencing esophageal reflux, the nurse would expect which sphincter to be malfunctioning?a. Pyloricb. Lower esophagealc. Upper esophageald. GastricQuestion 24Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder wall usually caused by:a. accumulation of bile in the hepatic duct.b. obstruction of the cystic duct by a gall-stone.c. accumulation of fat in the wall of the gallbladder.d. viral infection of the gallbladder.Question 25A 6-month-old male infant is brought to the ER after the sudden development of abdominal pain, irritability, and vomiting followed by passing of “currant jelly” stool. Ultrasound reveals intestinal obstruction in which the ileum collapsed through the ileocecal valve and invaginated into the large intestine. This type of obstruction is referred to as:a. Prolapseb. Pyloric stenosisc. Intussusceptiond. ImperforationQuestion 26A 22-year-old male underwent brain surgery to remove a tumor. Following surgery, he experienced a peptic ulcer. His ulcer is referred to as a(n) _____ ulcer.a. Infectiousb. Cushingc. Ischemicd. CurlingQuestion 27Chronic gastritis is classified according to the:a. severity.b. location of lesions.c. patient’s age.d. signs and symptoms.Question 28Reflux esophagitis is defined as a(n):a. Immune response to gastroesophageal refluxb. Inflammatory response to gastroesophageal refluxc. Congenital anomalyd. Secretory response to hiatal herniaQuestion 29The cardinal signs of small bowel obstruction are:a. Vomiting and distentionb. Diarrhea and excessive thirstc. Dehydration and epigastric paind. Abdominal pain and rectal bleedingQuestion 30The nurse assessing the patient with biliary atresia would expect to find which primary clinical manifestation?a. Anemiab. Jaundicec. Hypobilirubinemiad. AscitesQuestion 31A 20-year-old male was recently diagnosed with lactose intolerance. He eats an ice cream cone and develops diarrhea. His diarrhea can be classified as _____ diarrhea.a. Motilityb. Hypotonicc. Secretoryd. OsmoticQuestion 32Which of the following symptoms would help a health care provider distinguish between ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease?a. Pattern of remission/exacerbationsb. Abdominal painc. Malabsorptiond. DiarrheaQuestion 33A 45-year-old male complains of heartburn after eating and difficulty swallowing. He probably has:a. Pyloric stenosisb. Hiatal herniac. Gastric cancerd. AchalasiaQuestion 34The exocrine portion of the pancreas contains:a. alpha cells.b. beta cells.c. acinar cells.d. islets of Langerhans.Question 35Outbreaks of hepatitis _____ often occur in young children attending day care centers and can be attributed to poor hand washing.a. Ab. Bc. Cd. D

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