Early Childhood and Family Studies
topic：Reflection on Childhood Assignment
essay
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2 pages (no less than 2 and no more than 3), double spaced, 12 point font.
NO reference
In this assignment you will reflect on your own early childhood experiences and consider how at least two of these influences have made you who you are today. Our unique experiences influence how we view the world. By reflecting on these experiences, we gain a better understanding of ourselves and the world around us.
Requirements: 2 pages (no less than 2 and no more than 3), double spaced, 12 point font.
I am interested in seeing that:
1. You have reflected on your past experiences – an incident, a life event, an early relationship, a school experience, a set of circumstances – anything that happened from ages 0 to 10. Please choose 2 influences. This information is worth 40 points.
2. You have connected your story to 2 concepts/ideas we have talked about in class. This could be from lectures, readings, videos, discussions, or activities we have done in class. Example, risk and protective factors, parenting styles, Bronfenbrenner’s model . This is worth 30 points.
I do not need you to write our reflection in two sections – you are welcome to weave in the ideas or concepts into your story. However, if it’s easier for you to organize your paper into 2 sections, that’s fine too. You do NOT need to cite these ideas or concepts but please provide a brief explanation of how they relate to you.
Today’s Session Risk & Resilience
See here:
A Tale of Two Zipcodes
1
Forms of Stress
Center on the Developing Child
2
Physical abuse is the use of physical force, such as hitting, kicking, shaking, burning, or other shows of force against a child.
Sexual abuse involves engaging a child in sexual acts. It includes behaviors such as fondling, penetration, and exposing a child to other sexual activities.
Emotional abuse refers to behaviors that harm a child’s self-worth or emotional well-being. Examples include name calling, shaming, rejection, withholding love, and threatening.
Neglect is the failure to meet a child’s basic physical and emotional needs. These needs include housing, food, clothing, education, and access to medical care
From Essentials for Childhood Framework, page 5: https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/essentials_for_childhood_framework.pdf
3
Childhelp.org
A report of child abuse is made every ten seconds
More than four children die every day as a result of child abuse.
More than 90% of juvenile sexual abuse victims know their perpetrator in some way.
Child abuse occurs at every socioeconomic level, across ethnic and cultural lines, within all religions and at all levels of education.
“Children are just as likely to be abused or neglected in wealthy homes as in poor ones. However, wealthier white families are simply not under the same scrutiny that brings families of color of low socioeconomic status to the attention of child welfare authorities.”*
About 30% of abused and neglected children will later abuse their own children, continuing the horrible cycle of abuse.
The estimated annual cost of child abuse and neglect in the United States for 2008 is $124 billion.
*http://www.alternet.org/education/truth-about-child-abuse-and-poverty
4
Selected Adverse Experiences
1. Lived with a parent or guardian who got divorced or separated;
2. Lived with a parent or guardian who died;
3. Lived with a parent or guardian who served time in jail or prison;
4. Lived with anyone who was mentally ill or suicidal, or severely depressed for more than a couple of weeks;
5. Lived with anyone who had a problem with alcohol or drugs;
6. Witnessed a parent, guardian, or other adult in the household behaving violently toward another (e.g., slapping, hitting, kicking, punching, or beating each other up);
7. Was ever the victim of violence or witnessed any violence in his or her neighborhood; and
8. Experienced economic hardship “somewhat often” or “very often” (i.e., the family found it hard to cover costs of food and housing).
Significant adversity impairs development in the first 3 years…..the more adversity, the greater the odds of a developmental delay…..risk factors such as poverty, caregiver mental illness, child maltreatment, single parent, low maternal education.
http://developingchild.harvard.edu/resources/multimedia/interactive_features/five-numbers/
7
As the number of ACEs increases so does the risk for the following:
Alcoholism and alcohol abuse
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Depression
Fetal death
Health-related quality of life
Illicit drug use
Ischemic heart disease
Liver disease
Poor work performance
Financial stress
Risk for intimate partner violence
Multiple sexual partners
Sexually transmitted diseases
Smoking
Suicide attempts
Unintended pregnancies
Early initiation of smoking
Early initiation of sexual activity
Adolescent pregnancy
Risk for sexual violence
Poor academic achievement
https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/acestudy/about.html
8
Risk Factors
Situational
life stress
mental/physical health
school problems
family relationship conflict
Enduring
Behavior, mental/physical health
Caregiver mental/physical health
Impaired child/caregiver relationship/family conflict
Substance Abuse
Social Isolation
Underlying
Poverty
Racism
Violence in community
Protective Factors
Enduring
Family System Strengths
Supportive child/caregiver relationship
Coping strategies
Social support
Readiness for change
Underlying
Spirituality
Cultural roots
Community connections
Economic stability
From : Center for the Study of Social Policy
Five Protective Factors Key to Family Well-Being:
Knowledge of parenting & child development
Parental resilience
Social connections
Concrete supports for families
Social & emotional competence of children
http://www.cssp.org/young-children-their-families
11
ACES Study
ACES are strongly related to risk factors for disease and life-course well-being
17,000 participants
75% White
67% some college or college graduates
https:// www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/acestudy/pdf/fhhflorna.pdf [female survey]
https ://www.ted.com/talks/nadine_burke_harris_how_childhood_trauma_affects_health_across_a_lifetime?language= en
range from physical, emotional, or sexual abuse to parental divorce or the incarceration of a parent or guardian.
http://www.childtrends.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Brief-adverse-childhood-experiences_FINAL.pdf
*Episode 5, DNA is not Destiny
http://washington.kanopystreaming.com/node/160389
Thrive Washington
https://thrivewa.org/work/trauma-and-resilience-3 /
epigenetics
The Reading…..
What questions does this raise for you?
What is significant about this text?
How might it influence your understanding of children and families?
Resilience
Resilience can be defined as the ability to thrive, mature, and increase competence in the face of adverse circumstances.
Think about yourself…..
Take a few moments to write about a time that was difficult or challenging.
How did the concept of ‘resilience’ play in to that moment?
Resilience: positive outcomes in the face of adversity
Not just in the person…but in the interaction between the person and the environment
Resilience…. The single most common factor for children who develop resilience is at least one stable and committed relationship with a supportive parent, caregiver, or other adult*.
A Tale of Two Zip Codes
https :// www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eu7d0BMRt0o
Harvard paper on resilience*
https://developingchild.harvard.edu/science/key-concepts/resilience /
Kauai Longitudinal Study
698 children, born 1955
Monitored development at ages 1, 2, 10, 18, 32, & 40
30% born & raised in poverty, families troubled by chronic discord, reared by mothers with less than 8th grade education
2/3 developed learning/behavior problems by age 10, & had delinquency records or mental health problems by age 18
BUT 1/3 grew into competent, confident, & caring adults
WHY?
3 Factors of Resiliency
Within the individual
Within the family
In the community
Most of the 2/3 had “staged a recovery” by age 40
Harlem Children’s Zone
http://hcz.org/index.php/about-us/video-faqs
Program Models that serve as protective factors
Promise Neighborhoods
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= Kyka4YfqeqQ
Childhaven (in Seattle)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-CWbkgaljQo&list=PLzNmDeFdH18gAN1SsZLCBthroDqzeUivU
Harlem Children’s Zone
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Di0- xN6xc_w ***
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= ete1jRRPAFU
Watch and listen for…….(exit slip)
What messages can communities provide for children & families?
Other resources
http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=cXCdcsJCcE
http://developingchild.harvard.edu/resources/multimedia/videos/inbrief_series/inbrief_impact_of_adversity/
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